107-18-6

Allyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mustard-like odor. It is used in making drugs, organic chemicals, pesticides, in the manufacture of allyl esters, and as monomers and prepolymers for the manufacture of resins and plastics. It has a large use in the preparation of pharmaceutical products, in organic synthesis, and as a fungicide and herbicide. Occupational workers engaged in industries such as the manufacture of drugs, pesticides, allyl esters, organic chemicals, resins, war gas, and plasticizers, are often exposed to this alcohol.

A clear colorless liquid with a mustard-like odor. Flash point 70°F. Very toxic by inhalation and ingestion. Less dense than water (7.1 lb/gal). Vapors are heavier than air. Prolonged exposure to low concentrations or short exposure to high concentrations may have adverse health effects from inhalation.

ALLYL ALCOHOL(107-18-6) presents a dangerous fire and explosion hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizing agents. Reacts violently or explosively with sulfuric acid, strong bases. Reacts violently with 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 2,4,6-tris(bromoamino)-1,3,5-triazine. Reacts with carbon tetrachloride to produce explosively unstable products [Lewis]. Mixing ALLYL ALCOHOL(107-18-6) in equal molar portions with any of the following substances in a closed container caused the temperature and pressure to increase: chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, oleum, sulfuric acid [NFPA 491M. 1991].

Highly flammable. Water soluble.

Toxic by skin absorption. Eye and upper respiratory tract irritant. Questionable carcinogen.

Allyl alcohol is an intense irritant to skin, eyes, nose, and throat. It causes burns on contact, and may cause pulmonary edema if inhaled. It is poisonous in small quantities. The probable oral lethal dose is 50-500 mg/kg, or between 1 teaspoonful and 1 ounce for a 150-lb. person.

Exposure to high concentrations of allyl alcohol vapors causes irritation to the eyes, skin, and upper respiratory tract. Laboratory studies with animals have shown the symptoms of local muscle spasms, pulmonary edema, and tissue damage to the liver and kidney, convulsions, and death.

Used to make other chemicals and pharmaceuticals; as a laboratory chemical. Not currently registered in the United States as a pesticide or fungicide

Allyl alcohol vapor may explode if ignited in confined areas. Combustion products may be poisonous. The vapor is heavier than air and flashback along vapor trail may occur. Gives off toxic fumes when heated. May react vigorously with oxidizing materials, carbon tetrachloride, acids, oleum, sodium hydroxide, diallyl phosphite, potassium chloride, or tri-n-bromomelamine.

If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately. If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure, begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit. Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after breathing overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed.

UN1098 Allyl alcohol Hazard class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, 3-Flammable liquids, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.

May form explosive mixture with air. Reacts explosively with carbon tetrachloride, strong bases. Also incompatible with strong acids. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Polymerization may be caused by heat above 99 C, peroxides, or oxidizers.

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Incineration after dilution with a flammable solvent.

Colorless, mobile liquid with a pungent, mustard-like odor at high concentrations. At low concentrations, odor resembles that of ethyl alcohol. Katz and Talbert (1930) and Dravnieks (1974) reported experimental detection odor threshold concentrations of 3.3 mg/m³ (1.4 ppm_v) and 5 mg/m³ (2.1 ppm_v), respectively.

Allyl alcohol is used to produce glyceroland acrolein and other allylic compounds. It is also used in the manufacture of militarypoison gas. The ester derivatives are used inresins and plasticizers.

Allyl alcohol is used as an intermediate compound for synthesizing raw materials such as epichlorohydrin C3H5ClO and 1,4- butanediol C4H10O2, and this development is bringing about expansion of the range of uses of allyl alcohol. The term allyl of allyl compounds is derived from allium, the Latin word for garlic.

Allyl alcohol is used to produce glyceroland acrolein and other allylic compounds. Itis also used in the manufacture of militarypoison gas. The ester derivatives are used inresins and plasticizers.

Used to induce a mouse model of liver damage that has been used to study the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity and hepatic stem cell-mediated repair.

ChEBI: A propenol in which the C2C bond connects C-2 and C-3. It is has been found in garlic (Allium sativum). Formerly used as a herbicide for the control of various grass and weed seeds.

Allyl alcohol is prepared by several different processes, the original is alkaline hydrolysis of allyl chloride by steam injection at high temperatures. A more recent commercial process used oxidation of propylene to acrolein, which in turn reacts with a secondary alcohol to yield allyl alcohol and a ketone. In this process, allyl alcohol is not isolated, but its aqueous stream is converted directly to glycerol. The most recent commercial process is isomerization of propylene oxide over a lithium phosphate catalyst.

Allyl alcohol was first prepared in 1856 by A. CAHOURS and A. W. HOFMANN by saponification of allyl iodide.

Flammable

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable at ordinary temperatures and pressures; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Male and female F344 rats were given allyl alcohol in the drinking water at a concentration of 0 or 300 mg/L for 106 weeks. The incidence of tumors was similar to that in controls . Male and female hamsters were administered 2 mg allyl alcohol by oral gavage once a week for 60 weeks. The incidence of tumors did not increase significantly compared to controls.

It can be dried with K2CO3 or CaSO4, or by azeotropic distillation with *benzene followed by distillation under nitrogen. It is difficult to obtain it free of peroxide. It has also been refluxed with magnesium and fractionally distilled [Hands & Norman Ind Chem 21 307 1945]. [Beilstein 1 IV 2079.]

The vapor pressure of allyl alcohol, 26.1mmHg at 25°C, indicates that if released in the air, it will exist mainly as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. If released to soil, allyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.3 and will be distributed mainly in the water and soil. If released into water, allyl alcohol will stay in the water and is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediments. Allyl alcohol is stable in water since it lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions and hence hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process. In an aerobic biodegradation study, allyl alcohol was found to readily degradable (82–86%) in 14 days. The estimated bioconcentration factor of 3.2 based on the low log Kow indicates that the potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms is expected to be low.

Allyl alcohol is a colorless water soluble liquid. The melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, and the octanol–water partition coefficient (log Kow) are
129°C, 97°°C, 26.1mmHg at 25°C, and 0.17, respectively. The Henry’s law constant is 4.99×10^-6 atm-m3 mol^-1. Allyl alcohol’s production, its use as an industrial solvent and as a raw material/intermediate in the preparation of pharmaceuticals, polymers, organic chemicals, in the manufacture of glycerol and acrolein, and in the production of insecticides and herbicides, may result in its release to the environment. The vapor pressure of allyl alcohol, 26.1mmHg at 25°C, indicates that if released in the air, it will exist mainly as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. If released to soil, allyl alcohol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.3 and will be distributed mainly in the water and soil. If released into water, allyl alcohol will stay in the water and is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediments. Allyl alcohol is stable in water since it lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions and hence hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process. In an aerobic biodegradation study, allyl alcohol was found to readily degradable (82–86%) in 14 days. The estimated bioconcentration factor of 3.2 based on the low log Kow indicates that the potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms is expected to be low.