Chemical Properties
white or light brown powder or crystals
Uses
Stereoisomer of Endrin. Used as an insecticide.
Potential occupational carcinogen.
Uses
Formerly as insecticide.
General Description
DIELDRIN is a light-tan flaked solid. DIELDRIN is insoluble in water. DIELDRIN is toxic by inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. DIELDRIN can penetrate intact skin. DIELDRIN is used as an insecticide.
Air & Water Reactions
Insoluble in water.
Reactivity Profile
DIELDRIN is sensitive to mineral acids, acid catalysts, acid oxidizing agents and active metals. DIELDRIN reacts with phenols. DIELDRIN is also slightly corrosive to metals. DIELDRIN may react vigorously with strong oxidizers such as chlorine and permanganates and strong acids such as sulfuric or nitric.
Health Hazard
Inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact causes irritability, convulsions and/or coma, nausea, vomiting, headache, fainting, tremors. Contact with eyes causes irritation.
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating hydrogen chloride fumes may form in fire.
Potential Exposure
Aldrin belongs to the group of cyclodiene insecticides. They are a subgroup of the chlorinated
cyclic hydrocarbon insecticides which include DDT, BHC,
etc. They were manufactured in the United States by Shell
Chemical Co. until the United States Environmental
Protection Agency prohibited their manufacture in 1974
under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act. The primary use of the chemicals in the past was for
control of corn pests, although they were also used by the
citrus industry.
Dieldrin’s persistence in the environment is due to its
extremely low volatility (i.e., a vapor pressure of
1.78 3 1027 mmHg @ 20°C), and low solubility in water
(186 μg/L @ 25°C29°C). In addition, dieldrin is
extremely apolar, resulting in a high affinity for fat which
accounts for its retention in animal fats, plant waxes; andother such organic matter in the environment. The fat
solubility of dieldrin results in the progressive accumulation in the food chain which may result in a concentration
in an organism which would exceed the lethal limit for
a consumer.
First aid
If this chemical gets into the eyes, remove any
contact lenses at once and irrigate immediately for at least
15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower lids. Seek
medical attention immediately. If this chemical contacts the
skin, remove contaminated clothing and wash immediately
with soap and water. Seek medical attention immediately.
If this chemical has been inhaled, remove from exposure,
begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions, including resuscitation mask) if breathing has stopped and CPR if
heart action has stopped. Transfer promptly to a medical
facility. When this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention. Give large quantities of water and induce
vomiting. Do not make an unconscious person vomit.
Medical observation is recommended for 12 hours after
overexposure.
Shipping
UN2761 Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Incompatibilities
Incompatible with strong acids: concentrated mineral acids; acid catalysts; phenols, strong oxidizers, active metals; like sodium, potassium, magnesium,
and zinc. Keep away from copper, iron, and their salts.
Description
Dieldrin is a colorless to light tan solid with amild chemical odor. The odor threshold in water is0.04 mg/L. Molecular weight=380.90; Boiling point =(decomposes); Freezing/Melting point=176.1℃; Vaporpressure=8 3 10 2 7 mmHg at 25℃. Hazard Identification(based on NFPA-704 M Rating System): Health 3,Flammability 0, Reactivity 0. Practically insoluble in water;solubility=0.02%.
Waste Disposal
Incineration (816C,
0.5 second minimum for primary combustion; 1760C,
1.0 second for secondary combustion) with adequate
scrubbing and ash disposal facilities. In accordance
with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal
of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed
properly by following package label directions or by
contacting your local or federal environmental control
agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste
containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform
with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation,
treatment, and waste disposal
Physical properties
White crystals to pale tan flakes with an odorless to mild chemical odor. Odor threshold
concentration is 41 μg/L (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).
Definition
ChEBI: Dieldrin is an organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin. It has a role as a xenobiotic and a carcinogenic agent. It is an organochlorine insecticide, an organochlorine compound and an epoxide. It is functionally related to an aldrin.
Agricultural Uses
Insecticide: Manufacture in the United States prohibited since
1974. In 1987, EPA banned all uses. Banned for use in
EU (also for export) All uses of dieldrin (and Aldrin) were
canceled in 1974, except for subsurface ground insertion
for termite control, dipping of non-food roots and tops,
and moth-proofing by manufacturing processes in a closed
system (EPA 1974). In 1987, these final three uses were
voluntarily canceled by the sole manufacturer. Currently
there are more than 25 global suppliers
Trade name
ALVIT®; BELCO®[C]; COMPOUND
497®; D-31®; DIELDREX®; DIELDRITE®;
ILLOXOL®; KILLGERM DETHLAC INSECTICIDAL
LAQUER®; OCTALOX®; OXRALOX®; PANORAM®;
PANORAM D-31®; PRENTOX®[C]; QUINTOX®;
ROYAL BRAND®[C]; SD 3417®
Carcinogenicity
Accumulating evidence suggests that
dieldrin is “not a likely human carcinogen”
and that it acts as a species-specific hepatocarcinogen
in mice through nongenotoxic
mechanisms.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-
weighted average (TLV-TWA) for dieldrin
is 0.25mg/m3 with a notation for skin
absorption.
Environmental Fate
Biological. Identified metabolites of dieldrin from solution cultures containing Pseudomonas sp. in soils include aldrin and dihydroxydihydroaldrin. Other unidentified byproducts included a ketone, an aldehyde and an acid (Matsumura et al., 1968; Kearney and Kaufman, 1976). A pure culture of the marine alga, namely Dunaliella sp., degraded dieldrin to photodieldrin and an unknown metabolite at yields of 8.5 and 3.2%, respectively.
Photodieldrin and the diol were also identified as metabolites in field-collected samples of marine water, sediments and associated biological materials (Patil et al., 1972). At least 10 different types of bacteria comprising a mixed anaerobic population
Chacko et al. (1966) reported that cultures of six actinomycetes (Norcardia sp., Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces auerofaciens, Streptomyces cinnamoneus, Streptomyces viridochromogenes) and 8 fungi had no effect on the degradati
The percentage of dieldrin remaining in a Congaree sandy loam soil after 7 years was 50% (Nash and Woolson, 1967). Soil. Dieldrin is very persistent in soil under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions (Castro and Yoshida, 1971; Sanborn and Yu, 1973). Reported half-lives in soil ranged from 175 days to 3 years (Howard et al., 1991).75 days to 3 years (Howard et al., 1991). Groundwater. According to the U.S. EPA (1986) dieldrin has a high potential to leach to groundwater.
Photolytic. Photolysis of an aqueous solution by sunlight for 3 months resulted in a 70% yield of photodieldrin (Henderson and Crosby, 1968). A solid ?lm of dieldrin exposed to sunlight for 2 months resulted in a 25% yield of photodieldrin (Benso
storage
Color Code—Blue: Health Hazard/Poison: Storein a secure poison location. Prior to working with dieldrinyou should be trained on its proper handling and storage.Dieldrin must be stored to avoid contact with oxidizers(such as perchlorates, peroxides, permanganates, chloratesand nitrates); strong acids (such as hydrochloric, sulfuric,and nitric); chemically active metals (such as potassium,sodium, magnesium, and zinc) since violent reactions occur.A regulated, marked area should be established where thischemical is handled, used, or stored in compliance withOSHA Standard 1910.1045.
Toxicity evaluation
Consistent with its intended use on insects in soil, dieldrin is
not very water soluble. However, dieldrin readily binds to
sediment, but rarely leaches into deeper soil layers and
groundwater. It takes decades to break down in the environment, and past agricultural uses of dieldrin have
resulted in persisting soil residues and uptake in a wide range of
crops.
The half-life of dieldrin in temperate soils is approximately
5 years, while it degrades faster (up to 90% in 1 month) from
tropical soils.
Dieldrin may be volatilized from sediment and redistributed
by air currents, contaminating areas far from their sources.
Nationally, levels of dieldrin have declined since agricultural
uses were discontinued.
Dieldrin readily bioaccumulates in terrestrial and aquatic
organisms. Biomagnification factors ranging from 2.2 (in
rainbow trout) to 16 (in herring gulls) have been reported for
dieldrin. Bioconcentration factors for dieldrin in various
aquatic organisms range from 400 to 68 000, indicating that
dieldrin shows moderate to significant bioaccumulation in
various aquatic species.
