2-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE

Chemical Properties

2-Aminoanthraquinone forms red or orangebrown needle-shaped crystalline solid. It is used as an intermediate for dyes and pharmaceuticals.

Uses

2-Aminoanthraquinone was used in fabrication of high performance electrode of supercapacitor based on chemically modified graphene hydrogel. It was used in preparation of ordered assemblies of organic and biological molecules on gold(111) surfaces.

Uses

2- Amino-3-hydroxyanthraquinone is an intermediate for CI Vat Red 10.

Definition

ChEBI: 2-Aminoanthraquinone is an anthraquinone.

General Description

2-aminoanthraquinone appears as red needle-like crystals or dark brown granular solid. (NTP, 1992)

Air & Water Reactions

Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

2-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE may react with strong oxidizing agents. Forms salts with mineral acids. Can be acylated or alkylated on the nitrogen atom and nitrated or sulgonated in the ring .

Hazard

Questionable carcinogen.

Health Hazard

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: 2-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE may be absorbed through the skin and may cause irritation. It is a positive animal carcinogen. When heated to decomposition 2-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE emits toxic fumes of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Fire Hazard

Flash point data for 2-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE are not available; however, 2-AMINOANTHRAQUINONE is probably combustible.

Safety Profile

Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data. Moderately toxic via intraperitoneal route. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic NO,. See also AMINES.

Synthesis

Older methods used anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid as the starting material, replacing the SO3H group. The preferred method is replacement of the chlorine in 2-chloroanthraquinone , .

Potential Exposure

2-Aminoanthraquinone is used as a dye intermediate; in the industrial synthesis of anthraquinone and pharmaceuticals. It is the precursor of five dyes and one pigment, including Color Index Vat Blues 4, 6, 12, and 24; Vat Yellow 1; and Pigment Blue 22. Because AAQ is used on a commercial scale solely by the dye industry, the potential for exposure to the compound is greatest for workers at dye manufacturing facilities. However, no additional data are available on the number of facilities using AAQ. The Consumer Product Safety Commission staff believes that trace amounts of unreacted AAQ may possibly be present in some dyes based on this chemical and in the final consumer product. Exposure even to trace amounts may be a cause for concern. This concern is based on experience with other dyes derived from aromatic amines.

Carcinogenicity

2-Aminoanthraquinone is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.

Shipping

UN3143 Dyes, solid, toxic, n.o.s. or Dye intermediates, solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.

Incompatibilities

Keep away from strong oxidizing and reducing agents. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides