Calcium chloride dihydrate

Description

Calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2﹒2H2O) is the hydrate form of calcium chloride. Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound consisting of calcium and chloride. It has various kinds of applications. For example, it can be used as a desiccant due to its high hygroscopicity; used for the deicing and dust control; for road surfacing; as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and cement; increasing the water hardness in the swimming pools; as a food additives; increasing the cell membrane permeability to facilitate the genetic transformation of cells; for the treatment of hypocalcemia in which the body requires a prompt increase in blood plasma calcium levels, For its production, it can be either produced directly from limestone or produced by the Solvary process as the by-product. In addition, it can also be obtained by purification from brine.

Uses

Calcium chloride dihydrate is an odourless white solid in the form of small flakes. It is deliquescent (absorbs moisture from the air) and rapidly dissolves in water producing heat (exothermic). It has many industrial applications and is commonly used to prevent dusting, as a drying agent and to melt ice. It is used in swimming pools and aquariums as a pH buffer and a rapid source of calcium ions.

Calcium Chloride  is a general purpose food additive, the anhydrous form being readily soluble in water with a solubility of 59 g in 100 ml of water at 0°C. It dissolves with the liberation of heat. It also exists as calcium chloride dihydrate, being very soluble in water with a solubility of 97 g in 100 ml at 0°C. It is used as a firming agent for canned tomatoes, potatoes, and apple slices. In evaporated milk, it is used at levels not more than 0.1 percent to adjust the salt balance so as to prevent coagulation of milk during sterilization. It is used with disodium EDTA to protect the favor in pickles and as a source of calcium ions for reaction with alginates to form gels.

Reference

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_chloride
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Calcium_dichloride#section=Information-Sources
https://www.drugs.com/pro/calcium-chloride.html

Chemical Properties

Calcium chloride is a colorless to off-white crystalline solid which is deliquescent (absorb water). When heated, crystals lose water @ 100C.

Uses

cosmetic ingredient.
Food grade calcium chloride is used in various applications within the food and beverage industries.
In the production of beer and soft drinks, CaCl2 is used as a source of calcium to regulate the hardness of water.
In the production of cheese, CaCl2 is used as a source of calcium.
CaCl2 is also used to increase the firmness of canned fruits and pickled vegetables.
CaCl2 is also used as a secondary cooling agent in various processes that operate according to food regulations.

Uses

Calcium chloride dihydrate is widely used as an ingredient in ceramic slipware, cosmetic and food items. It acts as a pH buffer in swimming pool water. It provides inhibition of swelling clays in the water phase of invert emulsion drilling fluids. It is employed in the oil industry to increase the density of solids-free brines. It is used as a flux in the Davy process for the manufacture of sodium through the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. It finds an important application as an additive in plastics, fire extinguishers, blast furnaces and in wastewater treatment as a drainage aid.

Uses

Preparation of calcium standard solutions; electrolyte.

Definition

ChEBI: A hydrate that is the dihydrate form of calcium chloride.

brand name

Cal Plus (Mallinckrodt).

Biological Functions

Calcium chloride is a commonly used reagent in biochemistry. Calcium plays important roles in many biological processes, including signal transduction, muscle contraction, and maintenance of cell membrane and cell wall stability.Extensive reviews of the experimental measurement of biological calcium have been published.
Calcium chloride is used in the preparation and transformation of competent E. coli and in the transfection of eukaryotic cells with either plasmid DNA or high molecular weight genomic DNA.The CaCl2-mediated electroporation of E. coli with the plasmid DNA pBR322 has been studied.A protocol for the concentration of virus vectors that uses CaCl2 has been published.
CaCl2 has been used in the stabilization and twodimensional crystallization of the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from Escherichia coli. The crystallization of porcine pancreatic elastase in the presence of CaCl2 in the presence of sodium citrate reveals binding of calcium in the metal binding site of the protein.The effect of CaCl2 on the total fluorescence in the polymerication of the tubulin-like FtsZ division protein of Escherichia coli has been studied by a multiwell fluorescent assay.

General Description

ACS Reagent Grade.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Calcium chloride act as precipitants during protein crystallization process. It also enhances the competence of Escherichia coli cells as well as strengthened β-lactoglobulin gels by forming crossbridges.

Potential Exposure

Calcium chloride is used as road salt for melting snow, a drying agent in desiccators, for dehydrating organic liquids and gases, in refrigeration brines and antifreeze, as a dust-proofing agent, food additives, concrete hardening accelerator, and others. May react with strong oxidizers.

Shipping

There are no label or maximum shipping quantity requirements set by DOT.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it from ethanol. It is hygroscopic. It loses H2O at 200o so it can be dried at high temperatures to dehydrate it. The hexahydrate [7774-34-7] has m 30o and d 1.67.

Properties and Applications

ITEMS	SPECIFICATION
APPEARANCE	WHITE,HARD ODORLESS FLAKE, POWDER,PELLET,GRANULE
CALCIUM CHLORIDE(As CaCl2)	77% min
MAGNESIUM&ALKALI METAL SALT (As NaCl)	4.0% max
WATER INSOLUBLE MATTER	0.2% max
ALKALINITY(As Ca(OH)2)	0.15% max
SULFATE (As CaSO4)	0.25% max
pH VALUE	7-11
As	5 ppm max
Pb	10 ppm max
Fe	10 ppm max

Incompatibilities

The solution in water is a weak base. Reacts with zinc in presence of moisture, forming highlyflammable hydrogen gas. Dissolves violently in water with generation of much heat. Incompatible with water, bromine trifluoride; 2-furan, percarboxylic acid. May attack some building materials and metals in the presence of moisture.