ISOBUTYLENE
ISOBUTYLENE Basic information
- Product Name:
- ISOBUTYLENE
- CAS:
- 115-11-7
- MF:
- C4H8
- MW:
- 56.11
- EINECS:
- 204-066-3
- Mol File:
- 115-11-7.mol
ISOBUTYLENE Chemical Properties
- Melting point:
- −140 °C
- Boiling point:
- −6.9 °C(lit.)
- Density
- 0.5879
- vapor density
- 2 (vs air)
- vapor pressure
- 3278 mm Hg ( 37.7 °C)
- refractive index
- 1.3811
- Flash point:
- -80 °C
- Odor Threshold
- 10ppm
- Water Solubility
- 263mg/L(25 ºC)
- FreezingPoint
- -140.34℃
- Merck
- 14,5141
- BRN
- 773645
- Henry's Law Constant
- 0.20, 0.26, 0.33, and 0.41 at 30, 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively (Leung et al., 1987:Zhang et al., 2002)
- Stability:
- Stable. Highly flammable - readily forms an explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
- InChIKey
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- CAS DataBase Reference
- 115-11-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
- EPA Substance Registry System
- Isobutene (115-11-7)
Safety Information
- Hazard Codes
- F+
- Risk Statements
- 12
- Safety Statements
- 9-16-33
- RIDADR
- UN 1055 2.1
- WGK Germany
- -
- RTECS
- UD0890000
- F
- 4.5-31
- Autoignition Temperature
- 869 °F
- DOT Classification
- 2.1 (Flammable gas)
- HazardClass
- 2.1
- PackingGroup
- III
- HS Code
- 29012330
- Toxicity
- LC50 (inhalation) for mice 415 g/m3/2-h, rats 620 g/m3/4-h (quoted, RTECS, 1985).
MSDS
- Language:EnglishProvider:SigmaAldrich
ISOBUTYLENE Usage And Synthesis
Physical properties
Colorless gas with a coal gas-like odor. The odor threshold concentration is 10 ppmv Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Uses
Primarily used to produce diisobutylene, trimers, butyl rubber, and other polymers; also to produce antioxidants for foods, packaging, food supplements, and for plastics: Hatch, Pet. Refin. 39, No. 6, 207 (1960).
Definition
ChEBI: An alkene that is prop-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 2.
Production Methods
Isobutene is produced in refinery streams by absorption on 65% H2SO4 at about 15C, or by reacting with an aliphatic primary alcohol and then hydrolyzing the resulting ether.
General Description
ISOBUTYLENE is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor. For transportation ISOBUTYLENE may be stenched. ISOBUTYLENE is shipped as a liquefied gas under its own vapor pressure. Contact with the liquid can cause frostbite. ISOBUTYLENE is easily ignited. Its vapors are heavier than air and a flame can flash back to the source of leak very easily. The leak can either be a liquid or vapor leak. ISOBUTYLENE can asphyxiate by the displacement of air. Under prolonged exposure to fire or heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket. ISOBUTYLENE is used in the production of isooctane, a high octane aviation gasoline.
Air & Water Reactions
Highly flammable.
Reactivity Profile
ISOBUTYLENE is incompatible with oxidizers. ISOBUTYLENE polymerizes easily. ISOBUTYLENE reacts easily with numerous materials, such as alkyl halides, halogens, concentrated sulfuric acid, hypochlorous acid, aluminum chloride, carbon monoxide and hydrogen with a cobalt catalyst. Polymerization is catalyzed by aluminum chloride and boron trifluoride.
Hazard
Highly flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk, explosive limits in air 1.8–8.8%.
Health Hazard
Inhalation of moderate concentrations causes dizziness, drowsiness, and unconsciousness. Contact with eyes or skin may cause irritation; the liquid may cause frostbite.
Fire Hazard
Behavior in Fire: Containers may explode in fire. Vapor is heavier than air and may travel a long distance to a source of ignition and flash back.
Carcinogenicity
Groups of 50 male and 50 female F344/N rats were exposed to isobutene at concentrations of 0, 500, 2000, or 8000 ppm6 h/day 5 days/week for 105 weeks. Groups of 50 male and 50 female B6C3F1 mice were exposed to isobutene at concentrations of 0, 500, 2000, or 8000 ppm 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 105 weeks. Under the conditions of these 2 year inhalation studies, there was some evidence of the carcinogenic activity of isobutene in male F344/N rats based on an increased incidence of follicular cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland. There was no evidence of the carcinogenic activity of isobutene in female F344/N rats or male or female B6C3F1 mice exposed to 500, 2000, or 8000 ppm.
Source
Schauer et al. (2001) measured organic compound emission rates for volatile organic
compounds, gas-phase semi-volatile organic compounds, and particle-phase organic compounds
from the residential (fireplace) combustion of pine, oak, and eucalyptus. The gas-phase emission
rate of 2-methylpropene was 40.1 mg/kg of pine burned. Emission rates of 2-methylbutene were
not measured during the combustion of oak and eucalyptus.
California Phase II reformulated gasoline contained 2-methylpropene at a concentration of 170
mg/kg. Gas-phase tailpipe emission rates from gasoline-powered automobiles with and without
catalytic converters were 15.6 and 427 mg/km, respectively (Schauer et al., 2002).
Environmental Fate
Photolytic. Products identified from the photoirradiation of 2-methylpropene with nitrogen
dioxide in air are 2-butanone, 2-methylpropanal, acetone, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
methanol, methyl nitrate, and nitric acid (Takeuchi et al., 1983). Similarly, products identified
from the reaction of 2-methylpropene with ozone included acetone, formaldehyde, methanol,
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane (Tuazon et al., 1997).
The following rate constants were reported for the reaction of 2-methylpropene and OH radicals
in the atmosphere: 3.0 x 10-13 cm3/molecule?sec at 300 K (Hendry and Kenley, 1979); 5.40 x 10-11
cm3/molecule?sec (Atkinson et al., 1979); 5.14 x 10-11 at 298 K (Atkinson, 1990). Reported
reaction rate constants for 2-methylpropene and ozone in the atmosphere include 2.3 x 10-19
cm3/molecule?sec (Bufalini and Altshuller, 1965); 1.17 x 10-19 cm3/molecule?sec at 300 K (Adeniji
et al., 1965); 1.21 x 10-17 cm3/molecule?sec at 298 K (Atkinson, 1990).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water. Incomplete
combustion yields carbon monoxide.
Solubility in organics
(mole fraction):
In 1-butanol: 0.131, 0.0695, and 0.0458 at 25, 30, and 70 °C, respectively; chlorobenzene: 0.234,
0.132, and 0.0796 at 25, 30, and 70 °C, respectively; octane: 0.333, 0.184, and 0.119 at 25, 30, and
70 °C, respectively (Hayduk et al., 1988).
Solubility in water
(mole fraction):
In 1-butanol: 0.131, 0.0695, and 0.0458 at 25, 30, and 70 °C, respectively; chlorobenzene: 0.234,
0.132, and 0.0796 at 25, 30, and 70 °C, respectively; octane: 0.333, 0.184, and 0.119 at 25, 30, and
70 °C, respectively (Hayduk et al., 1988).
Purification Methods
Dry isobutene by passage through anhydrous CaSO4 at 0o. Purify it further by freeze-pump-thaw cycles and trap-to-trap distillation. [Beilstein 1 IV 796.]
ISOBUTYLENE Preparation Products And Raw materials
Preparation Products
Raw materials
ISOBUTYLENE(115-11-7)Related Product Information
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