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Formic acid Structure

Formic acid

Chemical Properties

Melting point 8.2-8.4 °C (lit.)
Boiling point 100-101 °C (lit.)
Density  1.22 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density  1.03 (vs air)
vapor pressure  52 mm Hg ( 37 °C)
refractive index  n20/D 1.377
FEMA  2487 | FORMIC ACID
Flash point 133 °F
storage temp.  2-8°C
solubility  H2O: soluble1g/10 mL, clear, colorless
form  Liquid
pka 3.75(at 20℃)
color  APHA: ≤15
Specific Gravity 1.216 (20℃/20℃)
PH 3.47(1 mM solution);2.91(10 mM solution);2.38(100 mM solution);
Odor at 0.10 % in water. pungent vinegar formyl
Odor Type acetic
explosive limit 12-38%(V)
Water Solubility  MISCIBLE
Sensitive  Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.03
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
JECFA Number 79
Merck  14,4241
BRN  1209246
Henry's Law Constant At 25 °C: 95.2, 75.1, 39.3, 10.7, and 3.17 at pH values of 1.35, 3.09, 4.05, 4.99, and 6.21, respectively (Hakuta et al., 1977)
Dielectric constant 58.0(16℃)
Exposure limits TLV-TWA 5 ppm (~9 mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, OSHA, and NIOSH); IDLH 100 ppm (180 mg/m3) (NIOSH).
Stability Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents and powdered metals, furfuryl alcohol. Combustible. Hygroscopic. Pressure may build up in tightly closed bottles, so bottles should be opened carefully and vented periodically.
InChIKey BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP -0.540
CAS DataBase Reference 64-18-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference Formic acid(64-18-6)
EPA Substance Registry System Formic acid (64-18-6)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes  T,C,Xi
Risk Statements  23/24/25-34-40-43-35-36/38-10
Safety Statements  36/37-45-26-23-36/37/39
RIDADR  UN 1198 3/PG 3
WGK Germany  2
RTECS  LP8925000
10
Autoignition Temperature 1004 °F
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  8
PackingGroup  II
HS Code  29151100
Hazardous Substances Data 64-18-6(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity LD50 in mice (mg/kg): 1100 orally; 145 i.v. (Malorny)
IDLA 30 ppm

MSDS

Usage And Synthesis

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