Butyraldehyde Chemical Properties

Melting point:

-96 °C

Boiling point:

75 °C(lit.)

Density 

0.817

vapor density 

2.5 (vs air)

vapor pressure 

90 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

refractive index 

n20/D 1.380(lit.)

FEMA 

2219 | BUTYRALDEHYDE

Flash point:

12 °F

storage temp. 

Flammables area

solubility 

water: soluble50g/L at 20°C

form 

Liquid

color 

Clear colorless

Odor

Pungent aldehyde; pungent and intense.

PH

6-7 (71g/l, H2O, 20℃)

PH Range

6-7

Odor Threshold

0.00067ppm

explosive limit

1.7-11.1%(V)

Water Solubility 

7.1 g/100 mL (25 ºC)

Sensitive 

Air Sensitive

JECFA Number

86

Merck 

14,1591

BRN 

506061

Exposure limits

No exposure limit is set for n-butyraldehyde.

Stability:

Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, strong acids. Highly flammable.

CAS DataBase Reference

123-72-8(CAS DataBase Reference)

NIST Chemistry Reference

Butanal(123-72-8)

EPA Substance Registry System

Butyraldehyde (123-72-8)

Safety Information

Hazard Codes 

F

Risk Statements 

11-R11

Safety Statements 

9-29-33-S9-S33-S29-16

RIDADR 

UN 1129 3/PG 2

WGK Germany 

1

RTECS 

ES2275000

F 

13-23

Autoignition Temperature

390 °F

TSCA 

Yes

HS Code 

2912 19 00

HazardClass 

3

PackingGroup 

II

Hazardous Substances Data

123-72-8(Hazardous Substances Data)

Toxicity

Single-dose LD50 orally in rats: 5.89 g/kg (Smyth)

MSDS

• Language:EnglishProvider:SigmaAldrich
• Language:EnglishProvider:ACROS
• Language:EnglishProvider:ALFA

Butyraldehyde Usage And Synthesis

Description

Butanal (N-butyraldehyde) is an organic compound which is the aldehyde derivative of butane. It appeases as a clear liquid. Butyraldehye is used mainly as an intermediate in the production of synthetic resins, rubber vulcanization accelerators, solvents, and plasticizers. It is also an intermediate for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, crop protection products, pesticides, antioxidants, tanning auxiliaries, and perfumes. Butyraldehyde has a characteristic pungent odor and it is used as a food additive.

References

[1] George A. Burdock, Encyclopedia of Food and Color Additives, Volume 1, 2000
[2] Sunggye Lee, Methane and Its Derivatives, 1997
[3] http://www.solvents.basf.com

Chemical Properties

colourless liquid with a very unpleasant smell

Chemical Properties

Butyraldehyde is a highly flammable, colorless liquid with a pungent odor.

Chemical Properties

Butyraldehyde has a characteristic pungent odor.

Occurrence

Reported found in the essential oils from flowers, fruits, leaves or bark of Monarda fistulosa L., Litsea cubeba, Bulgarian clary sage, cajeput, Eucalyptus cinerea, E. globules, and others, as well as in apple and strawberry aromas. Also reported found in fresh apple, pears, carrots, peas, soybean, butter, milk, black tea, roast chicken, peanuts, loganberry, honey, white wine and hog plums (Spondias mombins L.).

Uses

n-Butyraldehyde is used to make rubberaccelerators, synthetic resins, and plasticizers;and as a solvent.

Uses

Chiefly in the manufacture of rubber accelerators, synthetic resins, solvents, plasticizers.

Definition

ChEBI: A member of the class of butanals that consists of propane bearing a formyl substituent at the 1-position. The parent of the class of butanals.

Preparation

By dry distillation of calcium butyrate and calcium formate.

Aroma threshold values

Detection: 19 to 37 ppb; recognition: 11 to 27 ppb

Taste threshold values

Taste characteristics at 5 ppm: musty, fusel, fermented, bready and yeasty with a malty nuance.

General Description

A clear liquid with a pungent odor. Flash point 20°F. Boiling point 75.7°F (Hawley's). Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Reactivity Profile

A colorless liquid, Butyraldehyde can react with oxidizing materials. In contact with strong acids or bases Butyraldehyde will undergo an exothermic condensation reaction. The dry aldehyde may undergo some polymerization reaction. Reacts vigorously with chlorosulfonic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid (oleum). [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 607].

Hazard

Flammable, dangerous fire risk.

Health Hazard

n-Butyraldehyde is a mild skin and eye irritant.The liquid in 100% pure form producedmoderate irritation on guinea pig skin. Theirritation resulting from 20 mg in 24 hours on rabbit eye was moderate. A higher dosecould produce severe irritation.
Toxicity of n-butyraldehyde is very low.The effect is primarily narcotic. No toxiceffect, however, was observed in mice from 2-hour exposure at a concentration of 44.6 g/m³.At a higher concentration, 174 g/m³ for30 minutes, it exhibited a general anestheticeffect on rats. Subcutaneous administrationof a high dose, >3 g/kg, produced the sameeffect, affecting the kidney and bladder.

Health Hazard

Inhalation will cause irritation and possibly nausea, vomiting, headache, and loss of consciousness. Contact with eyes causes burns. Skin contact may be irritating.

Fire Hazard

Behavior in Fire: Vapors are heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. Fires are difficult to control due to ease of reignition.

Chemical Reactivity

Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: May occur in the presence of heat, acids or alkalis; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Severe skin and eye irritant. Human immunologcal effects by inhalation: delayed hypersensitivity. See also ALDEHYDES. Highly flammable liquid. To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. Incompatible with oxidzing materials. Reacts vigorously with chlorosulfonic acid, HNO3, oleum, H2SO4. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes

Carcinogenicity

Although butyraldehyde interacts with DNA, no experimental studies of its carcinogenic potency were found.

Shipping

UN1129 Butyraldehyde, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3—Flammable liquid

Incompatibilities

May form explosive mixture with air. Butyraldehyde can presumably form explosive peroxides, and may polymerize due to heat or contact with acids or alkalis. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, caustics, ammonia, aliphatic amines; alkanolamines, aromatic amines. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors. Possible self-reaction in air; undergoes rapid oxidation to

Waste Disposal

Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.

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