Petroleum ether, a petroleum distillation fraction, is a mixture of low molecular weight aliphatic hydrocarbons (mostly pentanes and hexanes) with a low boiling range, typically around 30-60oC. Its name is derived from its origin and its ease of evaporation.The majority components include paraffins, olefins, naphthenes, aromatics, and about 10%–40% ethyl alcohol。
Petroleum ether is commonly used as a nonpolar solvent for oils, fats, and waxes. Petroleum ether is used in pharmaceutical industries as a solvent to isolate compounds, e.g. petroleum ether can extract stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol from the aerial parts of Ageratum conyzoides and compounds with immunomodulatory activity from Anacyclus pyrethrum. It is also used as a detergent, a fuel, insecticide, in paints and varnishes, and in photography.
Petroleum ether is generally a mixture of low boiling aliphatic hydrocarbons mainly hexane and pentane. It is generally used as a laboratory solvent and also as an extraction solvent.
Petroleum ether has been used for the analysis of total dietary fiber content by employing a total dietary fibre assay kit. It may be used in the absorption chromatographic purification of organic compounds.
| Melting point | -40℃ |
| Boiling point | 90-100 °C |
| density | 0.77 g/mL at 20 °C |
| vapor density | 2.5 (vs air) |
| vapor pressure | 25.8 psi ( 55 °C) |
| refractive index | n20/D 1.428 |
| Fp | −57 °F |
| storage temp. | Store at room temperature. |
| form | Liquid |
| Specific Gravity | 0.715 （20/4℃） |
| color | APHA: ≤10 |
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