Chloroauric acid
Chloroalic acid is also known as "gold chloride", "gold chloride tetrahydrate". Chemical formula is HAuCl4 • 4H2O. Molecular weight is 411.85. It is a yellow needle crystal. It is toxic and corrosive. It is easily soluble in water, and soluble in ethanol and ether, and slightly soluble in chloroform. Anhydrous chloroauric acid can be crystallized from the ethanol solution. It will decompose under heat condition, and decompose into gold trichloride at 120 ° C. Exposure of it leads to black spots. In alkaline solution, it reacts with KI to precipitate brown gold. In the acidic solution, it generates "cinnamon purple in the case of tin dichloride. Its aqueous solution was purple after dealing with methyl orange, and it turns green after 1 to 3 drops of hydrochloric acid, and then it becomes lavender after gold salt solution. We get gold hydroxide precipitation after adding cold potassium hydroxide solution. It was reduced to gold powder with sulfur dioxide.
Preparation
Dissolve the pure gold in aqua regia (or hydrochloric acid saturated by chlorine gas). After distillation and crystallization, we get the product.
Application
Chlorine acid is mainly used for alkaloid determination, electroplating gold, photography, gold powder, porcelain coloring, red glass manufacturing, special ink and treatment of tuberculosis. It can also be used as analytical reagent, such as microanalysis of rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs). It is used for semiconductor, electronic connector and local gold-plated of integrated circuit lead frame, also for printing circuit boards.
Chemical Properties
golden to yellowish brown crystals or powder
Uses
Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) acts as a precursor used in the purification of gold by electrolysis. It is also used for the recovery, concentration, purification and analytical determination of gold. It acts as a key starting material for the preparation of gold compounds. It plays an important role as a catalyst in the preparation of 2-arylbenzoxazoles.
Uses
The HCl plus the HNO2
(hydrochloric and nitric acids) are combined to produce agua regia acid, which is the only
acid that can dissolve gold.
Purification Methods
It is obtained as a dark red crystalline mass by dissolving Au in aqua regia and evaporating. When sublimed at 180o, the crystals are ruby red. The anhydrous salt is hygroscopic, soluble in H2O but sparingly soluble in EtOH and Et2O. Aurochloric acid is formed when AuCl3 is dissolved in HCl. [Diemer J Am Chem Soc 35 553 1913, Glemser & Sauer Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol II p1 056 1965.]
