Copper(I) Cyanide
Copper(I) Cyanide Basic information
- Product Name:
- Copper(I) Cyanide
- CAS:
- 544-92-3
- MF:
- CCuN
- MW:
- 89.56
- EINECS:
- 208-883-6
- Mol File:
- 544-92-3.mol
Copper(I) Cyanide Chemical Properties
- Melting point:
- 474 °C(lit.)
- Boiling point:
- decomposes [STR93]
- Density
- 2.92 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
- storage temp.
- Poison room
- form
- Powder
- Specific Gravity
- 2.92
- color
- White-beige to greenish
- Water Solubility
- Practically insoluble in water and alcohol. Soluble in ammonium hydroxide, aqueous ammonia, pyridine and N-methylpyrrolidone.
- Sensitive
- air sensitive
- Merck
- 14,2661
- BRN
- 3587244
- Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)
- pKsp: 19.46
- Exposure limits
- TLV-TWA 1 mg Cu/m3 (ACGIH).
- Stability:
- Stable. Incompatible with acids, bases, magnesium. Reacts violently with oxidizing agents, nitrates. Reaction with acid releases highly toxic gas (HCN).
- CAS DataBase Reference
- 544-92-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
- EPA Substance Registry System
- Copper(I) cyanide (544-92-3)
Safety Information
- Hazard Codes
- T+,N,T
- Risk Statements
- 26/27/28-32-50/53
- Safety Statements
- 7-28-29-45-60-61-28A
- RIDADR
- UN 1587 6.1/PG 2
- WGK Germany
- 2
- RTECS
- GL7150000
- F
- 10-23
- TSCA
- Yes
- HS Code
- 2837 19 00
- HazardClass
- 6.1
- PackingGroup
- II
MSDS
- Language:EnglishProvider:SigmaAldrich
- Language:EnglishProvider:ACROS
- Language:EnglishProvider:ALFA
Copper(I) Cyanide Usage And Synthesis
Chemical Properties
Copper(I) cyanide, CuCN, [544-92-3], MW 89.56, MP 474°C, d 2.92, is white when pure, but usually available as an off-white or cream-colored powder and is insoluble in water and dilute acids but dissolves in complexing media such as ammonia and alkali cyanide solutions. It is produced by the reaction of sodium cyanide with copper(I) chloride solutions or by the reaction of copper(II) sulfate solutions with alkali cyanide and sodium hydrogen sulfite. It is used extensively in the electroplating industry and as a polymerization catalyst in organic reactions.
Uses
Copper(I) cyanide is used in copper plating of nickel, chromium, zinc alloys, steel, and other metals or alloys. Such copper plating imparts brightness, smoothness, hardness, and strength. The cyanide solution employed for copper electroplating consists of copper cyanide and sodium cyanide. Other applications of this compound are as an insecticide, a catalyst in polmerization, and as an antifouling agent in marine paints.
Preparation
Copper(I) cyanide is a precipitate obtained by adding potassium cyanide solution to an aqueous solution of Cu2+ salt:
COPPER(I) CYANIDE 2652CuCl2 + 4KCN → 2CuCN + C2N2 + 4KCl
The Cu2+ to CN¯ molar ratio should be 1:2. The precipitate dissolves in an excess of cyanide, forming soluble ions Cu(CN)2¯ , Cu(CN)32¯, and Cu(CN)43¯.
Description
off-white to green powder. Insoluble in water,soluble in HCI, Nl40H, and potassium cyanide. Used in Sandmeyer's reaction to synthesize aryl cyanides. Toxic by skin absorption, through open wounds, by ingestion, and by inhalation of hydrogen cyanide that arises from slight decomposition. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen in fires.
Chemical Properties
Cuprous cyanide is a white crystalline substance.
Physical properties
Cream-colored powder or green orthorhombic or red monoclinic crystals; density 2.90 g/cm3; melts at 474°C; decomposes at higher temperatures; practically insoluble in water, ethanol, and cold dilute acids; dissolves in ammonium hydroxide and potassium cyanide solutions.
Uses
Cuprous cyanide is used in electroplating; as an insecticide and fungicide; and as a catalyst for polymerization.
Uses
In electroplating Cu or Fe; as insecticide, fungicide; as antifouling agent in marine paints; as polymerization catalyst.
Reactivity Profile
Copper(I) Cyanide is decomposed by acids to give off hydrogen cyanide, a flammable poisonous gas. Tends to explosive instability. Capable of violent oxidation under certain condition: fusion with metal chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates or nitrites can cause explosions [Bretherick, 1979 p. 101]. Reacts with incandescence with magnesium [Mellor, 1940, Vol. 4, 271].
Hazard
Poison.
Health Hazard
Cuprous cyanide is a highly toxic substance. The toxic routes are inhalation of dust, ingestion, and skin contact. Toxicology and LD50 values for this compound are not reported. Because it is slightly soluble in water, its dissociation to cuprous and cyanide ions in the body may not be significant. The role of cyanide ion in the toxicity of cuprous cyanide is not established. The inhalation hazard, however, is attributable to copper. It is a skin irritant.
Fire Hazard
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic hydrogen cyanide gas may form in fires.
Safety Profile
A poison. Reacts violently with magnesium. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic CNand NOx. See also CYANIDE and COPPER COMPOUNDS.
Potential Exposure
Copper cyanide is used in electroplating copper on iron; and as an insecticide and a catalyst.
Shipping
UN1587 Copper cyanide, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials
Purification Methods
Wash the cyanide thoroughly with boiling H2O, then with EtOH. Dry it at 100o to a fine soft powder. It dissolves in excess alkali cyanide solutions to form the very soluble complex ion Cu(CN)43-. [Bassett & Corbett J Chem Soc 125 1660 1924, Barber J Chem Soc 79 1943.]
Incompatibilities
Contact with heat, strong acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) forms deadly hydrogen cyanide gas. May release hydrogen cyanide on contact with moisture. Incompatible with strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, acetylene gas, and chemically active metals, such as potassium, sodium, magnesium, and zinc.
Waste Disposal
Copper-containing soluble wastes can be concentrated through the use of ion exchange, reverse osmosis, or evaporators to the point where copper can be electrolytically removed and sent to a reclaiming firm. If recovery is not feasible, the copper can be precipitated through the use of caustics and the sludge deposited in a chemical waste landfill. Copper-containing wastes can be concentrated to the point where copper can be electrolytically removed and reclaimed. If recovery is not feasible, the copper can be precipitated by alkali; the cyanide destroyed by alkaline oxidation yielding a sludge which can be sent to a chemical waste landfill. In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Copper(I) Cyanide Preparation Products And Raw materials
Preparation Products
Raw materials
Copper(I) Cyanide(544-92-3)Related Product Information
- Copper sulfate pentahydrate
- Chlorine dioxide
- Sebacic acid
- Boric acid
- Sodium cyanide
- Cupric cyanide
- Copper
- COPPER(II) DIAMMONIUM CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE
- Copper sodium cyanide
- Sodium cuprocyanide solution
- CUPROUS CYANIDE, [14C]
- COPPER (I) SODIUM CYANIDE
- COPPER(I) CYANIDE-15N
- COPPER(+1)POTASSIUM CYANIDE
- COPPER(I) CYANIDE-13C,15N
- Copper(I) Cyanide
- COPPER(I) CYANIDE-13C
- Copper potassium cyanide
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